Diagnose
.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]
Eye examination
Different kinds of cataract
Causes
- Hodge WG, Whitcher JP, Satariano W. Epidemiol Rev. 1995;17(2):336-46. Risk factors for age-related cataracts
Cataracts, the world's leading cause of blindness, are an enormous public health problem in both developing and industrialized countries. The evidence is overwhelming that age, trauma, and intraocular inflammation are important cataract risks. Ultraviolet radiation, especially ultraviolet B radiation, is an important risk for cortical cataracts, and one study (27) has even demonstrated a dose-response relation. The strength of the association, consistency of studies, coherence, and biologic plausibility all indicate that both systemic and topical steroids are significant risk factors for the formation of posterior subcapsular cataracts. The evidence is accumulating that cataracts can be added to the list of illnesses that are at least partially attributed to smoking. Although consistency among studies has not been obtained, this is certainly a plausible cause, and dose-response relations have been demonstrated (53). At this point, nuclear sclerosis is the most important cataract type associated with smoking. [Abstract] - Vîrgolici B, Popescu L. Oftalmologia. 2006;50(2):3-9. Risk factors in cataract
Cataract is one of the major causes of blindness throughout the world. Considerable effort to elucidate risk factors for cataract has been undertaken in hopes that simple, preventive strategies may be implemented to avoid or delay the progression of lens opacification. Advanced age, female gender, poor education, lower socioeconomic status, high or low body mass index and heavy alcohol consumption are some risk factors for senile cataract. Smoking appears to provide an oxidative challenge associated with depletion of antioxidants as well as with enhanced risk for cataract formation. Multiple drugs are responsive in iatrogenic cataract. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and pyruvate may have protective effects for senile cataract. Randomized clinical trials should be encouraged to find medical therapeutic ways to delay the cataract development.[Abstract] - Fujinaga Y. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 1990 Oct;94(10):903-27. Cataract--clinic and pathology
It became clear that the aging influences the functional destruction of the equatorial region, the pathological changes of the bow area, and changes of the extralens environment. After operation for the atrophic type of the posterior subcapsular cataract, aftercataract easily develops on the intraocular lens and this requires treatment.[Abstract] - Vicente Victor D Ocampo Jr, MD Cataract, Senile
The pathophysiology behind senile cataracts is complex and yet to be fully understood. In all probability, its pathogenesis is multifactorial involving complex interactions between various physiologic processes. As the lens ages, its weight and thickness increases while its accommodative power decreases. As the new cortical layers are added in a concentric pattern, the central nucleus is compressed and hardened in a process called nuclear sclerosis.[Article] - Truscott RJ. Exp Eye Res. 2005 May;80(5):709-25. Age-related nuclear cataract-oxidation is the key
Age is by far the biggest risk factor for cataract, and it is sometimes assumed that cataract is simply an amplification of this aging process. This appears not to be the case, since the lens changes associated with aging and cataract are distinct. Oxidation is the hallmark of age-related nuclear (ARN) cataract. Loss of protein sulfhydryl groups, and the oxidation of methionine residues, are progressive and increase as the cataract worsens until >90% of cysteine and half the methionine residues are oxidised in the most advanced form. [Abstract] - Truscott RJ. Ophthalmic Res. 2000 Sep-Oct;32(5):185-94. Age-related nuclear cataract: a lens transport problem
Age-related nuclear cataract is a major cause of blindness. It is characterised by opacification and colouration in the centre of the lens and is accompanied by extensive protein oxidation.[Abstract] - Hejtmancik JF, Kantorow M. Exp Eye Res. 2004 Jul;79(1):3-9. Molecular genetics of age-related cataract
Epidemiological studies have documented tendencies for cataracts to occur more frequently in relatives of cataract patients than in the general population, genetic studies have demonstrated contributory roles of some specific genes in age related cataract in small populations.[Article] - Liutkeviciene R, Lesauskaite V, Asmoniene V, Zaliuniene D, Jasinskas V. Medicina (Kaunas). 2010;46(2):89-94. Factors determining age-related macular degeneration: a current view
It is thought that age-related macular degeneration has a multifactorial etiology, the development of which may be caused by interrelation of environmental and genetic factors and body characteristics.[Abstract] - Sacca SC, Bolognesi C, Battistella A, Bagnis A, Izzotti A. Mutat Res. 2009 Jul 10;667(1-2):98-117 Gene-environment interactions in ocular diseases
Scientific evidences have been accumulating supporting the role of genotoxic damage and gene environment interactions in the pathogenesis of these diseases mainly including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and cataract. [Abstract] - Alan Shiels, PhD; J. Fielding Hejtmancik, MD, PhD Arch Ophthalmol. 2007;125(2):165-173. Genetic Origins of Cataract
Even age-related cataracts, generally thought to be due to multiple insults accumulated over many years, have a genetic component, making certain individuals more vulnerable to the environmental insults.[Article] - Catherine A. McCarty and Hugh R. Taylor From the Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of MelbourneThe Genetics of Cataract
They found that the relative contributions of genetics and environment to the development of nuclear cataract were 48% and 14%, respectively, whereas age accounted for the risk in their study group of older female twins.[Article] - McCarty CA, Taylor HR Dev Ophthalmol. 2002;35:21-31. A review of the epidemiologic evidence linking ultraviolet radiation and cataracts
The epidemiologic data justify the implementation of public health campaigns to raise public awareness of the risk of cortical cataract due to ocular UV-B exposure. Future researchers should be careful to avoid potential bias by measuring personal ocular UV exposure and by quantifying cataract carefully.[Abstract] - Dolin PJ. Doc Ophthalmol. 1994-1995;88(3-4):327-37. Assessment of epidemiological evidence that exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation causes cataract
Based on the assessment, it is concluded that there is sufficient experimental evidence that exposure to artificial sources of UV-B can cause cortical opacities in laboratory animals. However, there is only limited evidence that exposure to solar UV-B causes cortical opacities in humans. Similarly, there is only limited evidence that exposure to solar UV-B causes posterior subcapsular cataract in humans. The epidemiological evidence is consistent in suggesting that nuclear cataracts are not causally associated with exposure to solar UV-B.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]- Obrosova IG, Chung SS, Kador PF. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2010 Mar;26(3):172-80. Diabetic cataracts: mechanisms and management
Diabetes mellitus is associated with a 5-fold higher prevalence of cataracts, which remains a major cause of blindness in the world. Typical diabetic cataracts contain cortical and/or posterior subcapsular opacities. Adult onset diabetic cataracts also often contain nuclear opacities.[Abstract] - Sabasi?ski K, Andrzejewska-Buczko J. Klin Oczna. 1997;99(6):401-4. The role of polyol pathways in formation of diabetic cataracts
The authors present current knowledge concerning the role of polyols in the formation of cataract in diabetic patients. Sugar alcohols are formed in lens as a consequence of glucose conversion in the sorbitol pathway. The pharmacological modulation of this process by the application of aldose reductase inhibitors are also discussed.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]- Ahmed N. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005 Jan;67(1):3-21. Advanced glycation endproducts--role in pathology of diabetic complications
he role of AGEs in the pathogenesis of retinopathy, cataract, atherosclerosis, neuropathy, nephropathy, diabetic embryopathy and impaired wound healing are considered. There is considerable interest in anti-glycation compounds because of their therapeutic potential.[Abstract] - Abraham AG, Condon NG, West Gower E Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2006 Dec;19(4):415-25. The new epidemiology of cataract
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Smoking, diabetes, and exposure to UVB light consistently have been identified as risk factors for cataract development. [Abstract] - Kelly SP, Thornton J, Edwards R, Sahu A, Harrison R. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005 Dec;31(12):2395-404. Smoking and cataract: review of causal association
Evidence suggests that smoking has a 3-fold increase on the risk for incident nuclear cataract development. There was also evidence of dose response, temporal relationship, and reversibility of effect. There was limited evidence of an association between smoking and posterior subcapsular cataract, but little or no association with cortical cataract. Thus, the literature review indicated a strong association between smoking and the development of cataract, particularly nuclear cataract.[Abstract] - DeBlack SS. Optometry. 2003 Feb;74(2):99-110. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for cataract and age-related macular degeneration: a review of the literature
As primary eye care providers, optometrists should educate patients regarding the dangers of smoking as it relates to ocular health and consider a role in discouraging patients from starting or continuing this harmful habit.[Abstract] - Hiratsuka Y, Ono K, Murakami A. Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2009 Sep;2(3):226-9. Alcohol use and cataract
Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms between alcohol and cataract have not been adequately understood, there is some evidence to suggest the relation between alcohol and cataract. Information on a patient's drinking history can be valuable to general physicians when there is a diagnosis of cataract and should be collected on a routine basis.[Abstract] - Wang S, Wang JJ, Wong TY. Surv Ophthalmol. 2008 Sep-Oct;53(5):512-25. Alcohol and eye diseases
lcohol consumption is a modifiable lifestyle factor, but there is uncertainty regarding its association with eye diseases in adults. A relationship between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of cataract has been reported from cross-sectional studies, but several prospective cohort studies have not found this association. [Abstract] - Hiratsuka Y, Li G J Stud Alcohol. 2001 May;62(3):397-402. Alcohol and eye diseases: a review of epidemiologic studies
n addition to alcohol-induced ocular anomalies among children with fetal alcohol syndrome, epidemiologic studies in the past two decades have demonstrated that chronic alcoholism is associated with a significantly increased risk of cataract, keratitis, color vision deficiencies and corneal arcus. Moderate alcohol use, however, has been reported to be possibly protective against age-related macular degeneration, cataract and diabetic retinopathy.[Abstract] - Petermeier K, Szurman P, Bartz-Schmidt UK, Gekeler F. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2010 Mar;227(3):175-80 Pathophysiology of cataract formation after vitrectomy
Cataract formation is one of the most common complications after vitrectomy and cataract extraction in such cases will have to be performed under more difficult conditions.[Abstract] - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Vitrectomy
Vitrectomy is a surgery to remove some or all of the vitreous humor from the eye. Anterior vitrectomy entails removing small portions of the vitreous from the front structures of the eye—often because these are tangled in an intraocular lens or other structures.[Article] - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Vitreous humou
The vitreous humour (British English spelling) or vitreous humor (American English spelling) is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates. It is often referred to as the vitreous body or simply "the vitreous".[Article]
Overview
Aging
Genetics
Ultraviolet Radiation
Diabetic cataracts
AGEs
Smoking
Alcohol Abuse
Complication after Vitrectomy
Cataract surgery
- Morris D, Fraser SG, Gray C. Clin Interv Aging. 2007;2(1):105-8. Cataract surgery and quality of life implications
Cataract surgery in the developed world has undergone a revolution over the last 20 years. An operation which used to require a stay in hospital and long visual rehabilitation is now a quick day-case procedure with immediate benefits. As with any surgery there is an associated morbidity, but there is now the potential to provide cataract surgery at an earlier stage of cataract maturation and save patients from a period of severe visual impairment. This article reviews the new techniques available to measure the impact that cataracts have not only on a patient's visual acuity but also their general physical health, function, cognition, and emotional well-being. New research is described that takes into account these more holistic tests and how they can be used to judge the best time to refer and operate on a patient with cataracts.[Article] - Chung SA, Kim CY, Chang JH, Hong S, Kang SY, Seong GJ, Lee JB. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009 Sep;247(9):1269-72 Change in ocular alignment after topical anesthetic cataract surgery
The overall incidence of topical anesthesia-related change in ocular alignment after uneventful cataract surgery was 5%. .[Abstract] - Golnik KC, West CE, Kaye E, Corcoran KT, Cionni RJ. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000 Aug;26(8):1205-9. Incidence of ocular misalignment and diplopia after uneventful cataract surgery
A persistent change in ocular alignment after uneventful cataract surgery occurred in 7% of patients. [Abstract] - Koide R, Honda M, Kora Y, Ozawa T. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000 Aug;26(8):1198-204. Diplopia after cataract surgery
Several cases showed superior or inferior deviation of the globe, but most patients had nonuniform disturbances of eye movement. Examination of 3 patients by the Hess chart within 1 week after surgery showed paralysis of eye muscles but an overaction at a later stage, evident by reversal of eye position 1 month later. Surgery for strabismus was performed in 6 cases. One case with diplopia improved spontaneously 3 months after cataract surgery and achieved good alignment.[Abstract] - Johnson DA. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001 Dec;132(6):831-5 Persistent vertical binocular diplopia after cataract surgery
In this study, persistent binocular vertical diplopia after cataract surgery occurred in 0.23% of cases in which retrobulbar anesthesia was performed. No cases were found after topical anesthesia. Occurrence may be technique-related.[Abstract] - Gunton KB, Armstrong B. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2010 Sep;21(5):341-4. Diplopia in adult patients following cataract extraction and refractive surgery
Detailed history and evaluation for pre-existing strabismus can dramatically decrease the incidence of unexpected diplopia following refractive procedures.[Abstract] - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Strabismus
Strabismus is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. It typically involves a lack of coordination between the extraocular muscles, which prevents bringing the gaze of each eye to the same point in space and preventing proper binocular vision, which may adversely affect depth perception.[Article] - Costa PG, Debert I, Passos LB, Polati M. Binocul Vis Strabismus Q. 2006;21(3):155-8. Persistent diplopia and strabismus after cataract surgery under local anesthesia.
Considering the reported incidence of this problem is as high as one in 25 cataract surgeries, one should advise the patient of the possibility of persistent postoperative diplopia and the possible need for surgical intervention and/or prism to treat the symptoms.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]
Cataract surgery
Change in ocular alignment after cataract surgery
Diplopia after cataract surgery
Supplements
- Olmedilla B, Granado F, Blanco I, Vaquero M. Nutrition. 2003 Jan;19(1):21-4. Lutein, but not alpha-tocopherol, supplementation improves visual function in patients with age-related cataracts: a 2-y double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
Visual function in patients with age-related cataracts who received the lutein supplements improved, suggesting that a higher intake of lutein, through lutein-rich fruit and vegetables or supplements, may have beneficial effects on the visual performance of people with age-related cataracts.[Abstract] - Richer S, Stiles W, Statkute L, Pulido J, Frankowski J, Rudy D, Pei K, Tsipursky M, Nyland J. Optometry. 2004 Apr;75(4):216-30. Double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of lutein and antioxidant supplementation in the intervention of atrophic age-related macular degeneration: the Veterans LAST study (Lutein Antioxidant Supplementation Trial)
n this study, visual function is improved with lutein alone or lutein together with other nutrients. Further studies are needed with more patients, of both genders, and for longer periods of time to assess long-term effects of lutein or lutein together with a broad spectrum of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals in the treatment of atrophic age-related macular degeneration.[Abstract] - Alves-Rodrigues A, Shao A. Toxicol Lett. 2004 Apr 15;150(1):57-83. The science behind lutein
Evidence suggests that lutein consumption is inversely related to eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. This is supported by the finding that lutein (and a stereo isomer, zeaxanthin) are deposited in the lens and the macula lutea, an area of the retina responsible for central and high acuity vision. Human intervention studies show that lutein supplementation results in increased macular pigment and improved vision in patients with AMD and other ocular diseases. [Abstract]
.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]- Barker FM 2nd. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010 Aug;26(8):2011-23. Dietary supplementation: effects on visual performance and occurrence of AMD and cataracts.
esults from both observational and prospective interventional studies generally support the conclusion that dietary supplements including these xanthophylls significantly decrease the occurrence of AMD and the development of nuclear lens opacities.[Abstract] - Moeller SM, Jacques PF, Blumberg JB. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Oct;19(5 Suppl):522S-527S. The potential role of dietary xanthophylls in cataract and age-related macular degeneration
While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. [Article] - Ahmed SS, Lott MN, Marcus DM. Surv Ophthalmol. 2005 Mar-Apr;50(2):183-93. The macular xanthophylls
The macular pigments are predominantly composed of three carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin. These carotenoids are concentrated and distributed in a selective manner. The properties of these pigments are further explored along with their methods of uptake, stabilization, and storage. The dual nature of these pigments as filters and antioxidants are elaborated upon in relation to their protective effects upon the macula, specifically in age-related macular degeneration.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]- Ribaya-Mercado JD, Blumberg JB. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Dec;23(6 Suppl):567S-587S. Lutein and zeaxanthin and their potential roles in disease prevention
Epidemiologic studies indicating an inverse relationship between xanthophyll intake or status and both cataract and age-related macular degeneration suggest these compounds can play a protective role in the eye. [Article] - Krinsky NI, Landrum JT, Bone RA. Annu Rev Nutr. 2003;23:171-201. Epub 2003 Feb 27. Biologic mechanisms of the protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in the eye
Although increasing the intake of lutein or zeaxanthin might prove to be protective against the development of age-related macular degeneration, a causative relationship has yet to be experimentally demonstrated.[Abstract] - Stahl W. Dev Ophthalmol. 2005;38:70-88. Macular carotenoids: lutein and zeaxanthin
Protecting ocular tissue against photooxidative damage carotenoids may act in two ways: first as filters for damaging blue light, and second as antioxidants quenching excited triplet state molecules or singlet molecular oxygen and scavenge further reactive oxygen species like lipid peroxides or the superoxide radical anion.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]- Babizhayev MA, Burke L, Micans P, Richer SP. Clin Interv Aging. 2009;4:31-50. Epub 2009 May 14. N-Acetylcarnosine sustained drug delivery eye drops to control the signs of ageless vision: glare sensitivity, cataract amelioration and quality of vision currently available treatment for the challenging 50,000-patient population
The authors present evidence, about why only a certain kind of NAC is safe, and why only certain formulas designed by IVP for drug discovery are efficacious in the prevention and treatment of senile cataract for long-term use. Overall cumulated studies demonstrate that the designed by IVP new vision-saving drug NAC eye drops help the aging eye to recover by improving its clarity, glare sensitivity, color perception and overall vision.[Article] - Babizhayev MA, Deyev AI, Yermakova VN, Brikman IV, Bours J. Drugs R D. 2004;5(3):125-39. Lipid peroxidation and cataracts: N-acetylcarnosine as a therapeutic tool to manage age-related cataracts in human and in canine eyes
In our study the clinical effects of a topical solution of N-acetylcarnosine (Can-C) on lens opacities were examined in patients with cataracts and in canines with age-related cataracts. These data showed that N-acetylcarnosine is effective in the management of age-related cataract reversal and prevention both in human and in canine eyes.[Abstract] - Babizhayev MA. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. 2009 Nov;3(3):229-65. Current ocular drug delivery challenges for N-acetylcarnosine: novel patented routes and modes of delivery, design for enhancement of therapeutic activity and drug delivery relationships
Topics under the consideration include: ophthalmic drug delivery of N-acetylcarnosine eye drops and challenging endeavors facing the pharmaceutical scientist; clinical and functional types of activity of the developed and patented N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops designed as 1% N-acetylcarnosine prodrug of L-carnosine containing a mucoadhesive cellulose-based compound combined with corneal absorption promoters in a drug delivery system; management of age-related serious or disabling eye diseases in humans with N-acetylcarnosine eye drop therapeutic platform (age-related cataracts, ocular inflammation, age-related macular degeneration , macular dystrophies, ocular manifestations of diabetes , hypertonic retinopathy, primary open angle glaucoma, vitreous lesions) ; development and molecular mechanisms of ocular therapeutic activities of carnosine derivatives in the visual system. [Abstract] - Babizhayev MA. Rejuvenation Res. 2004 Fall;7(3):186-98. Rejuvenation of visual functions in older adult drivers and drivers with cataract during a short-term administration of N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops
The results of this study provide a substantial basis for further evaluation of NAC in the treatment and prevention of vision impairment in the older population of drivers for legal driving. The developed ophthalmic drug NAC formula showed potential for the non-surgical treatment of age-related cataracts.[Abstract] - Babizhayev MA, Deyev AI, Yermakova VN, Semiletov YA, Davydova NG, Kurysheva NI, Zhukotskii AV, Goldman IM. Peptides. 2001 Jun;22(6):979-94. N-Acetylcarnosine, a natural histidine-containing dipeptide, as a potent ophthalmic drug in treatment of human cataracts
. Statistical analysis revealed the significant differences over 6 and 24 months in cumulative positive changes of overall characteristics of cataracts in the NAC-treated Group II from the control Group I. The N-acetylated form of natural dipeptide L-carnosine appears to be suitable and physiologically acceptable for nonsurgical treatment for senile cataracts.[Abstract] - Babizhayev MA, Deyev AI, Yermakova VN, Semiletov YA, Davydova NG, Doroshenko VS, Zhukotskii AV, Goldman IM. Drugs R D. 2002;3(2):87-103. Efficacy of N-acetylcarnosine in the treatment of cataracts
Topical NAC shows potential for the treatment and prevention of cataracts.[Abstract] - Babizhayev MA, Guiotto A, Kasus-Jacobi A. J Drug Target. 2009 Jan;17(1):36-63. N-Acetylcarnosine and histidyl-hydrazide are potent agents for multitargeted ophthalmic therapy of senile cataracts and diabetic ocular complications
The bioactivating antioxidant NAC and histidyl-hydrazide are potent agents with the pleiotropic effects for ophthalmic therapy of senile cataracts and diabetic ocular complications.[Abstract] - Babizhayev MA, Kasus-Jacobi A. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;4(1):4-37. State of the art clinical efficacy and safety evaluation of N-acetylcarnosine dipeptide ophthalmic prodrug. Principles for the delivery, self-bioactivation, molecular targets and interaction with a highly evolved histidyl-hydrazide structure in the treatment and therapeutic management of a group of sight-threatening eye diseases
L-carnosine and histidyl-hydrazide analogs present transglycation properties which could be used to decrease the occurrence of long term complications of AGE formation in DOC and age-related cataracts.[Abstract] - Babizhayev MA, Micans P, Guiotto A, Kasus-Jacobi A. Am J Ther. 2009 Nov-Dec;16(6):517-33 N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eyedrops possess all-in-one universal antioxidant protective effects of L-carnosine in aqueous and lipid membrane environments, aldehyde scavenging, and transglycation activities inherent to cataracts: a clinical study of the new vision-saving drug N-acetylcarnosine eyedrop therapy in a database population of over 50,500 patients
N-acetylcarnosine eyedrop therapy is the crown jewel of the anti-aging medical movement and revolutionizes early detection, treatment, and rejuvenation of aging-related eye-disabling disorders. N-acetylcarnosine, as an innovative medical science tool and component of the home medicine and alternative medicine approaches, has the potential to alleviate visual impairment and its associated social, economic, and political woes for an aging population..[Abstract] - Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1417-36. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8.
Persons older than 55 years should have dilated eye examinations to determine their risk of developing advanced AMD. Those with extensive intermediate size drusen, at least 1 large druse, noncentral geographic atrophy in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in 1 eye, and without contraindications such as smoking, should consider taking a supplement of antioxidants plus zinc such as that used in this study.[Article]
.[Abstract]- Varma SD, Devamanoharan PS, Morris SM. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1995 Jan;35(1-2):111-29. Prevention of cataracts by nutritional and metabolic antioxidants
Certain antioxidants produced metabolically also may be useful in protecting against cataracts. Pyruvate produced in glucose metabolism seems to be an important antioxidant. The efficacy of this compound has been tested within in vitro organ culture as well as in vivo, the latter experiments being done with selenite-treated rats. There is a hope that these and other nutritional and metabolic antioxidants may one day be useful in delaying or even preventing cataract formation in human beings.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]- Agte V, Tarwadi K. Ophthalmic Res. 2010;44(3):166-72. Epub 2010 Sep 9. The importance of nutrition in the prevention of ocular disease with special reference to cataract
Consumption of food-based antioxidants like ?-carotene lutein and zeaxanthin seem to be useful for the treatment of macular degeneration and cataracts. Supplements of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc may prevent advanced age-related macular degeneration only in high-risk individuals.[Abstract] - Desmettre T, Lecerf JM, Souied EH J Fr Ophtalmol. 2004 Nov;27(9 Pt 2):3S38-56. Nutrition and age-related macular degeneration
The nutritional factors involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) include antioxidants or antioxidant cofactors: vitamins A, C, etc.; zinc, etc.; anti-free-radicals such as beta-carotene and carotenoids, including lutein and zeaxanthin; micronutrients protecting from blue light such as lutein and zeaxanthin; and finally components of the membranes of the photoreceptors docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).[Abstract] - Fernandez MM, Afshari NA. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008 Jan;19(1):66-70. Nutrition and the prevention of cataracts
Supplementation with vitamin C, lutein, zeaxanthin, or a multivitamin may help certain populations, but is unlikely to affect the progression of cataracts in most patients.[Abstract]
.[Abstract]- Sheck L, Davies J, Wilson G. N Z Med J. 2010 Jun 11;123(1316):85-94. Selenium and ocular health in New Zealand
Selenium is an essential mineral and severe selenium deficiency is known to cause significant health problems. It has been well documented that New Zealand soil is low in selenium. Recent studies have addressed the roles of selenoproteins in the eyes, with evidence suggesting that selenium supplementation may have a role in preventing cataract formation and age-related maculopathy. This paper summarises the role of selenium in ocular and general health and discusses selenium supplementation in a New Zealand specific context.[Abstract] - Sperduto RD, Hu TS, Milton RC, Zhao JL, Everett DF, Cheng QF, Blot WJ, Bing L, Taylor PR, Li JY, et al. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993 Sep;111(9):1246-5 The Linxian cataract studies. Two nutrition intervention trials
Findings from the two trials suggest that vitamin/mineral supplements may decrease the risk of nuclear cataract. Additional research is needed in less nutritionally deprived populations before these findings can be translated into general nutritional recommendations.[Article]
.[Abstract]
Luteine
Xanthophylls
Lutein and zeaxanthin
N-Acetylcarnosine
Antioxidants
Pyruvate
Nutrition
Selenium
Multivitamine
SITE MAP
Maagdarmstoornissen: Candida infectie - Prikkelbaredarmsyndroom - Crohn - Colitus Ulcerosa - CVS/ME: Chronische vermoeidheid Syndroom - Diabetische complicaties: Bloeduiker stabilisatie - Neuropathie - Retinopathie - Nefropathie - Hart- en vaatziekten: Cardiomyopathie en Hartfalen - Hoge bloeddruk - Cholesterol verlaging - Aderverkalking (atherosclerose) - Spataderen - Levensverlenging: 100 jaren jong - DHEA - Melatonine - 65+ - Kanker: - Ondersteuningstherapie bij kanker - Bot en gewrichtsaandoeningen: - Artrose - Artritis - Osteoporose - Fibromyalgie: - Fibromyalgie - Urinewegaandoeningen: - Prostaatklachten - Blaasontsteking - Vrouwenklachten: Menopauze - Premenstrueelsyndroom - Overgewicht: - Overgewicht - SLIM - Oogaandoeningen: Staar - Slecht zien Andere artikelen: - HPU - Astma - Multiple Sclerose - Psoriasis - Depressie
Maagdarmstoornissen: Candida infectie - Prikkelbaredarmsyndroom - Crohn - Colitus Ulcerosa - CVS/ME: Chronische vermoeidheid Syndroom - Diabetische complicaties: Bloeduiker stabilisatie - Neuropathie - Retinopathie - Nefropathie - Hart- en vaatziekten: Cardiomyopathie en Hartfalen - Hoge bloeddruk - Cholesterol verlaging - Aderverkalking (atherosclerose) - Spataderen - Levensverlenging: 100 jaren jong - DHEA - Melatonine - 65+ - Kanker: - Ondersteuningstherapie bij kanker - Bot en gewrichtsaandoeningen: - Artrose - Artritis - Osteoporose - Fibromyalgie: - Fibromyalgie - Urinewegaandoeningen: - Prostaatklachten - Blaasontsteking - Vrouwenklachten: Menopauze - Premenstrueelsyndroom - Overgewicht: - Overgewicht - SLIM - Oogaandoeningen: Staar - Slecht zien Andere artikelen: - HPU - Astma - Multiple Sclerose - Psoriasis - Depressie
